The Cenozoic era, spanning the last 66 million years, has left behind remarkable geological formations, including stunning tuff sculptures shaped by volcanic activity and human artistry. Tuff, a porous rock formed from compacted volcanic ash, has been used for centuries to create awe-inspiring outdoor sculptures. Here are some of the most famous Cenozoic tuff outdoor sculptures:

1. Göreme Open-Air Museum, Turkey – This UNESCO World Heritage Site features intricate rock-cut churches and monasteries carved into soft tuff by early Christians. The fairy chimneys of Cappadocia are iconic examples of natural tuff formations.

2. Easter Island Moai, Chile – While primarily made of basalt, some Moai statues were carved from tuff quarries like Rano Raraku, showcasing the island’s volcanic heritage.

3. Bandelier National Monument, USA – Ancient Puebloans carved dwellings and ceremonial structures into the region’s tuff cliffs, leaving behind a legacy of rock art.

4. Santorini Caldera, Greece – The island’s dramatic cliffs, formed from layered tuff, create a natural sculpture-like landscape admired by visitors worldwide.

5. Huanglong Scenic Area, China – Known for its vibrant travertine pools, this region also features striking tuff formations shaped by millennia of erosion.

These sculptures highlight the intersection of geology and human creativity, offering a glimpse into Earth’s dynamic history. Whether shaped by nature or ancient hands, Cenozoic tuff sculptures remain timeless wonders.