The Miocene epoch, spanning from 23 to 5.3 million years ago, left behind remarkable geological formations, including tuff—a volcanic rock formed from compacted ash. This durable material became a canvas for ancient artists, resulting in some of the most iconic outdoor sculptures known today.

One of the most celebrated Miocene tuff sculptures is the Great Sphinx of Giza, though its primary material is limestone, nearby tuff formations influenced regional art. In Cappadocia, Turkey, the Göreme Open-Air Museum features intricate tuff carvings and churches dating back to the Byzantine era, showcasing the rock's versatility.

Another notable example is the Olmec colossal heads in Mexico, carved from basalt and tuff, representing the earliest known Mesoamerican civilization. While not exclusively Miocene, these sculptures highlight the enduring appeal of volcanic rock in art.

In Peru, the Chavín de Huántar temple complex boasts tuff carvings of mythological creatures, reflecting the spiritual significance of this material. Similarly, the Easter Island moai, though primarily basalt, include tuff elements, underscoring its global artistic influence.

These sculptures not only survive as geological wonders but also as testaments to human creativity, bridging the gap between nature and culture. Their preservation offers invaluable insights into ancient civilizations and their relationship with the Earth's raw materials.