Outdoor sculptures transform public spaces by leveraging visual physics to engage viewers. Artists employ techniques like scale distortion, reflective surfaces, and dynamic forms to challenge perception. Large-scale sculptures, such as Anish Kapoor's "Cloud Gate," use curvature to warp reflections, creating an illusion of fluidity in solid metal.

Material choices also play a role. Translucent or mirrored surfaces interact with natural light, altering shadows and highlights throughout the day. Spatial placement further enhances the effect—positioning sculptures at angles or elevations forces perspective shifts, making static objects appear dynamic.

Additionally, negative space in sculptures like Richard Serra's steel arcs manipulates depth perception, inviting viewers to move around the piece. This interaction between art, environment, and observer exemplifies how outdoor sculptures harness visual physics to evoke emotion and curiosity. By blending artistry with scientific principles, these works redefine our experience of space and form.