Maintaining outdoor sculptures presents unique difficulties that indoor artworks rarely face. Environmental factors like rain, wind, and temperature fluctuations cause gradual deterioration, with metal pieces particularly vulnerable to corrosion. Bronze sculptures develop patina over time, which while aesthetically pleasing, requires specialized cleaning techniques to prevent irreversible damage.

Pollution accelerates decay, with acid rain etching surfaces and airborne particles accumulating in intricate details. Biological threats include moss growth in humid climates and bird droppings that stain porous materials. Physical damage from vandalism or accidental impacts often necessitates costly restoration.

The logistical challenges of maintaining large-scale public art are significant. Scaffolding for tall pieces, traffic control during maintenance, and finding matching replacement materials for repairs all complicate preservation efforts. Many communities struggle with budget constraints, forcing difficult choices about which artworks receive conservation priority.

Modern conservation philosophy emphasizes minimal intervention, requiring conservators to balance preservation with respecting the artist's original vision. Climate change introduces new variables, as increasingly extreme weather tests materials beyond their designed tolerances. Proper maintenance requires specialized knowledge of materials science, chemistry, and art history - a rare combination of skills that makes qualified conservators invaluable.